The European Union and ASEAN upgrade their relations on environmental sustainability, economics, security and connectivity
Dopo sei anni di colloqui, nella riunione di martedì primo dicembre, l’Unione Europea e i dieci Paesi del gruppo ASEAN hanno aggiornato lo status delle rispettive relazioni, passando dal “Partenariato di Dialogo” al ben più consistente “Partenariato Strategico”.
Interactions between the European Union and ASEAN have a long history behind them, being characterized by trade, foreign direct investments and bilateral agreements between the EU and individual members of the Association. Nevertheless, the wish to strengthen relations through a more advanced partnership was officially expressed by the European Commission only in 2015 and two years later, in 2019, ASEAN and the EU foreign ministers agreed on the principles for the elaboration of the Strategic Partnership.
Il meeting del primo dicembre scorso ha sancito l’impegno delle parti nell’organizzazione di vertici a cadenza regolare e nel rafforzamento della cooperazione in quattro aree strategiche: economia, sicurezza, sostenibilità ambientale e connettività. I copresidenti della riunione ministeriale, l’Alto Rappresentante dell’Unione per gli Affari Esteri Josep Borrell e il Ministro degli Esteri singaporiano Vivian Balakrishman, hanno entrambi accolto con favore l’iniziativa, sottolineando l’importanza di questo “evento storico”.
The outcome of the negotiations has long been uncertain due to disagreements over palm oil, a product that is still essential for the economies of Malaysia and Indonesia but adverse to the EU because of the environmental impact of its production. As part of the shared effort, however, both parties agreed on the establishment of a joint committee, entirely dedicated to the sustainable reformulation of the vegetal oil industry. Furthermore, concerning sustainable development, EU and ASEAN leaders have referred to some previous international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement on climate change and the Sendai Framework Convention for the reduction of the risk of environmental disasters. The idea is to establish a dialogue as complete as possible, encouraging the inclusiveness of topics such as climate change, the preservation of the oceans and biodiversity, the increase of renewable energy and respect for human rights. ASEAN, then, welcomed the EU commitment to promote "greener" cities, through the implementation of the "ASEAN Smart Green Cities" program.
La pandemia di Covid-19 è stata il secondo punto all’ordine del giorno. Riconoscendone l’impatto senza precedenti, i leader hanno incoraggiato una maggiore cooperazione per incrementare le rispettive capacità di risposta alla crisi, coniugando salute pubblica e sviluppo sostenibile. L’UE ha già offerto all’ASEAN 800 milioni di euro per affrontare l’emergenza sanitaria e si è impegnata nell’elargizione di altri 20 milioni e nel sostegno del progetto “South East Asia Health”. Entrambe le parti hanno, inoltre, concordato un approccio congiunto per garantire l’accessibilità equa e collettiva ai vaccini, definiti come “beni pubblici globali”. In tale contesto, l’Unione Europea fornirà un contributo di 500 milioni di euro in sovvenzioni e prestiti garantiti per sostenere il COVAX, la struttura multilaterale destinata ad accelerare lo sviluppo, la produzione e la diffusione globale di vaccini.
The leaders also recognized the importance of an increasingly solid economic cooperation, especially aimed at the recovery of the post-Covid-19 world economy. The commitment made by the parties will be directed to further efforts towards the negotiation of an ambitious free trade agreement between the EU and ASEAN, focused on greater economic integration and trade liberalization.
By recalling the EU-ASEAN declaration on cooperation in the field of cybersecurity, adopted in 2019, the parties also remarked the importance of strengthening cooperation in this area, in order to promote open, secure, accessible and peaceful information. The security issue is further taken up by the intent to consolidate joint efforts to counter terrorism and transnational crimes as well as to ensure lasting peace and stability in the region.
Infine, in una dichiarazione separata i Ministri si sono impegnati a promuovere la connettività tra l’UE e l’ASEAN, necessaria per supportare la ripresa socioeconomica post-pandemia, in modo più sostenibile e inclusivo. Si pensa dunque a semplificare e diversificare le reti di trasporto, incoraggiare l’utilizzo di energie pulite e rinnovabili, garantire maggiore sicurezza alimentare, energetica e sanitaria e favorire lo scambio politico nei campi dell’istruzione, della ricerca, del turismo e della tecnologia.
The negotiations emphasised the pragmatic approach of the European Union and ASEAN, aimed at solving single yet very important problems. The pandemic has spared no one and the Strategic Partnership underlines the urgency to combine two of the largest existing economic blocs, which together cover almost 30% of world GDP and could be decisive for the economic recovery of the whole world. In a nutshell, as Gunnar Wiegrand, the EU’s Director of Foreign Affairs for Asia and the Pacific recalled, it was a historic meeting "between two anchors of stability in a world of growing uncertainty".
By Emilia Leban